What type of testing is required for healthcare workers at high risk for tuberculosis?

PPD testing, also known as tuberculin skin testing, is specifically designed to determine whether an individual has been exposed to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). This type of testing is particularly important for healthcare workers who are at high risk for TB exposure due to their close contact with patients who may have the disease.

The test involves injecting a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) under the skin and then measuring the reaction after 48 to 72 hours. A positive reaction indicates that the person has been infected with TB bacteria at some point, although it does not distinguish between active and latent TB. This is crucial for healthcare settings to ensure that staff are not unknowingly spreading TB, as it is a contagious disease that can be transmitted through the air.

While blood testing and chest X-ray screenings can also play a role in TB screening and diagnosis, PPD testing is the standard initial method used to assess exposure for high-risk occupations. Annual health checks may include various assessments to monitor overall employee health, but they are not specifically focused on tuberculosis detection like PPD testing.